Quick answer
Outside Passed Pawn is an endgame technique: promotion race and tempo. Work from the first evidence position for Outside Passed Pawn, and begin by testing d5.
Begin from d5 in 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/3K3k/8 b - - 3 2. Count the material, king routes, promotion squares and reserve tempi before applying a theoretical rule. The evidence answer is: Outside Passed Pawn: calculate both promotion paths and include checks before assuming the faster pawn wins. Candidate line: d5.
In the Outside Passed Pawn example, notice: side Black; pieces Black pawn d6, White pawn e3, White king d2, Black king h2; legal first moves d5, Kg3, Kh3, Kh1, Kg1, Kg2. Everything named after “notice” is descriptive of one recorded board, not prescriptive for all games.
Material and result question
The first evidence board tests promotion race and tempo; the second board tests promotion race and tempo. The first path uses direct FEN setup; the second path uses direct FEN setup as its setup string. Cross-check wording on the Chess Wiki and on the Endgames hub. Then compare Material Values with Corresponding Squares, Reserve Tempo, Triangulation around a reserve pawn move.
The two inventories make the distinction concrete. A contains side Black; pieces Black pawn d6, White pawn e3, White king d2, Black king h2; legal first moves d5, Kg3, Kh3, Kh1, Kg1, Kg2; B contains side White; pieces Black pawn d6, White king c3, White pawn e3, Black king g1; legal first moves Kb4, Kc4, Kd4, Kd3, Kd2, Kc2, Kb2, Kb3. Compare the side to move before comparing the labels in the context of the side-to-move tempo.
Topic dossier for this page and board pair r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:4P3 | r7:3K3k | r8:8 / r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:2K1P3 | r7:8 | r8:6k1: start with a reserve pawn move; then test the side-to-move tempo; keep the conversion move order separate from the active rook before the pawn push; use the defender's only active counterplay as the transfer check; and reserve an outside passer used as a decoy for the exception.
Conversion or defense plan
On the first board, calculate d5 after d5 and write down the opponent's best reply around a reserve pawn move. On the second board, calculate e4 Kf2 after e4 and check the side-to-move tempo. Separate the practical conversion question from the result question; side to move and one checking distance can change the conclusion. In this case the useful condition is an outside passer used as a decoy.
Key claim: Outside Passed Pawn is illustrated here by promotion race and tempo; the first concrete test is d5. The board anchor is 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/3K3k/8; the example is intentionally narrower than the topic label and should not be generalised without checking the surrounding position..
Practical boundary: To answer “What exact king, pawn, and move-order conditions decide outside passed pawn, and how should each side play them?”, compare the recorded setup with e4 and the opponent's reply. The decision is useful only when the stated condition survives that concrete test on board 8/8/3p4/8/8/2K1P3/8/6k1. The evidence records No tablebase outcome is asserted by this generated record; verify the exact FEN before publication and the second board signature r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:2K1P3 | r7:8 | r8:6k1. The false-positive test is whether the conversion move order appears without the active rook before the pawn push, so the conclusion is useful only when the stated condition survives that concrete test.
Evidence positions
example-1: promotion race and tempo
Show answer
Outside Passed Pawn: calculate both promotion paths and include checks before assuming the faster pawn wins. Candidate line: d5.
Why this position is here: Outside Passed Pawn is represented by promotion race and tempo. This is a direct FEN setup with board anchor 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/3K3k/8; no opening history is inferred from the diagram.
FEN: 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/3K3k/8 b - - 3 2
Question: What is the first concrete decision in this outside passed pawn position?
Answer cue: Outside Passed Pawn: calculate both promotion paths and include checks before assuming the faster pawn wins. Candidate line: d5. The first candidate to test is d5. Replay d5 on board anchor 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/3K3k/8 and write down what changes after it.
Evidence boundary: No tablebase outcome is asserted by this generated record; verify the exact FEN before publication.
example-2: promotion race and tempo
Show answer
Outside Passed Pawn: calculate both promotion paths and include checks before assuming the faster pawn wins. Candidate line: e4 Kf2.
Why this position is here: Outside Passed Pawn is represented by promotion race and tempo. This is a direct FEN setup with board anchor 8/8/3p4/8/8/2K1P3/8/6k1; no opening history is inferred from the diagram.
FEN: 8/8/3p4/8/8/2K1P3/8/6k1 w - - 4 3
Question: What is the first concrete decision in this outside passed pawn position?
Answer cue: Outside Passed Pawn: calculate both promotion paths and include checks before assuming the faster pawn wins. Candidate line: e4 Kf2. The first candidate to test is e4. Replay e4 Kf2 on board anchor 8/8/3p4/8/8/2K1P3/8/6k1 and write down what changes after it.
Evidence boundary: No tablebase outcome is asserted by this generated record; verify the exact FEN before publication.
example-3: promotion race and tempo
Show answer
Outside Passed Pawn: calculate both promotion paths and include checks before assuming the faster pawn wins. Candidate line: Kf2.
Why this position is here: Outside Passed Pawn is represented by promotion race and tempo. This is a direct FEN setup with board anchor 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/2K5/6k1; no opening history is inferred from the diagram.
FEN: 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/2K5/6k1 b - - 3 2
Question: What is the first concrete decision in this outside passed pawn position?
Answer cue: Outside Passed Pawn: calculate both promotion paths and include checks before assuming the faster pawn wins. Candidate line: Kf2. The first candidate to test is Kf2. Replay Kf2 on board anchor 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/2K5/6k1 and write down what changes after it.
Evidence boundary: No tablebase outcome is asserted by this generated record; verify the exact FEN before publication.
Reading the line
Read the first example (id example-1) as a complete record: continuation d5, source tablebase. This is a direct FEN setup with board anchor 8/8/3p4/8/8/4P3/3K3k/8; no opening history is inferred from the diagram. If A does not expose promotion race and tempo, correct the evidence before relying on the prose.
Read the second example (id example-2) separately: continuation e4 Kf2, source tablebase. Its feature is promotion race and tempo; inventory side White; pieces Black pawn d6, White king c3, White pawn e3, Black king g1; legal first moves Kb4, Kc4, Kd4, Kd3, Kd2, Kc2, Kb2, Kb3. Compare what changes between d5 and e4.
Boundary cases
The main mistake to avoid with Outside Passed Pawn is applying a remembered endgame rule while ignoring side to move, king placement or an unverified result. In A, the missing condition must be located in r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:4P3 | r7:3K3k | r8:8 after d5; in B, test it against r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:2K1P3 | r7:8 | r8:6k1 after e4.
For Outside Passed Pawn, the first board's evidence boundary (after d5) is No tablebase outcome is asserted by this generated record; verify the exact FEN before publication. The second board's evidence boundary for Outside Passed Pawn is No tablebase outcome is asserted by this generated record; verify the exact FEN before publication. If a trusted source or careful calculation changes the conclusion around the defender's only active counterplay, update both the evidence record and this article.
Practice from a real game
play the position for both sides, record the critical tempo, and verify the exact FEN against the cited tablebase before publication. Start with A's side to move and r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:4P3 | r7:3K3k | r8:8; record two candidates, the reply to d5 and the correction. Repeat with B's side to move and r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:2K1P3 | r7:8 | r8:6k1; the changed board tests transfer rather than diagram memory.
After the drill, compare your notes with Corresponding Squares, Reserve Tempo, Triangulation through the active rook before the pawn push. Keep A's rejected alternative beside B's chosen line e4 Kf2; this shows whether the conclusion survived a new board signature.
Sources and scope
Sources for Outside Passed Pawn: Syzygy tablebase verification reference, 1chess.online editorial scope. Source ids are tablebase, original-analysis. Primary evidence hook: tablebase. Comparisons and practice notes are editorial. Evidence revision: 2026-08-remediation-r2.
Scope note for board pair r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:4P3 | r7:3K3k | r8:8 / r1:8 | r2:8 | r3:3p4 | r4:8 | r5:8 | r6:2K1P3 | r7:8 | r8:6k1: this page does not claim that d5 is an engine principal variation, that an exact endgame result is verified when the evidence says it is not, or that a tool output replaces human calculation. The conclusion is limited to the recorded boundary and the exception the conversion move order.